Microbiology module morphology and classification of bacteria microbiology 4 notes 1. However, having a wide host range is not common and viruses will typically only infect specific hosts and. Choose from 500 different sets of microbiology study guide viruses flashcards on quizlet. Prokaryotic cell biology structures internal to the cell wall lecture 5 handout. On the basis of presence of number of strands, four type of nucleic acid have been in viruses. Virus, infectious agent of small size and simple composition that can multiply only in living cells of animals, plants, or bacteria. The pdf notes are no longer available but you can make you own pdf version of a page by using a service on the share and bookmark link at the left of each page. Another book in the series of bios instant notes, medical microbiology provides an introduction to a variety of todays important human pathogens in a clinically relevant context. Semmelweis and lister from the amazing blood and guts series. Viruses may have helical, polyhedral, or complex shapes. It probably will provide the most help to those with a scientific background who need a means of quickly looking up pieces of information they.
Describe the general characteristics of viruses as pathogens. Classification of virus viruses are small obligate intracellular parasites, which by definition contain either a rna or dna genome surrounded by a protective, viruscoded protein coat. Viruses are highly specific in the host cells which they require and there are viruses of animals, plants, fungi, protozoa and bacteria. Viruses lecture notes 112 introductory microbiology. Microbiology module morphology and classification of bacteria microbiology 2 notes zmost bacteria possess peptidoglycan, a unique polymer that makes its synthesis a good target for antibiotics zprotein synthesis takes place in the cytosol with structurally different ribosomes fig. Viruses are small obligate intracellular parasites, which by definition contain either a rna or dna genome surrounded by a protective, viruscoded protein coat. Viruses typically have spherical polyhedral, rodshaped, or helically shaped capsids while some viruses, such as bacteriophages, have complex shapes. Viruses, dimitri iwanowski, yellow fever, tobacco mosaic disease, electron microscopy, viral structure, nucleic acids, viral genes, outside of. The genome of a virus enters a host cell and directs the production of the viral.
Microbiologyvirologyimmunologybacteriologyparasitology. They constitute the subject matter of microbiology. In this article we have compiled various notes on viruses. Medical bacteriology 2 history of microbiology man kind has always been affected by diseases which were originally believed to be visitations by the gods and meant to punish evil doers. Fertilized eggs and living animals can also be used to cultivate viruses. Animal viruses can result in lytic infection, persistent infection, or latent infection some viruses can transform the host cell image removed due to restrictions. Apr 15, 2020 alright, here you will be able to access the free pdf download of usmle step 1 lecture notes 2020. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the careerapplication focus and scientific rigor inherent in the.
Microbiology lecture notes and study guides microsoft word 7. Inoculate with dilutions of viruses and look for cpe primary cell lines vs transformed cell lines. Viruses are much smaller than bacteria and their size is variable. Virology is the study of viruses, complexes of nucleic acids and proteins that have the capacity for replication in animal, plant and bacterial cells. After reading this article you will have a basic idea about. Introduction to prokaryotic organisms, the archaea and bacteria. Virology powerpoint lecture notes powerpoint links collected from the website of. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health.
Plants and animals are made up of millions of cells and these cells have several similarities and differences. Classification of virus virology online microbiology notes. Microbiology is the study of all living organisms that are too small to be visible with the naked eye. Jun 22, 2017 notes on basic microbiology, bacteriology, virology, parasitology, mycology, laboratory, immunology, diagnosis. Haemagglutination assay was developed by american virologist george hirst in 19411942. Virus structure and assembly peter sarnow, stanford university department of microbiology and immunology, 299 campus dr, stanford, california, 943055124, united states. Positivestranded rna viruses barbara sherry, north carolina state university department of molecular biomedical sciences, 4700. For research study, viruses can be cultivated in large volumes by inoculations to tissue culture systems. Introduction a wellprepared blood smear is important to produce good results on analysis after doing a giemsa stain, in identifying blood cells orand demonstrating the presence of parasites in a sample. Learn about the history, types, and features of viruses.
Textbook definition of virus a noncellular parasitic. Dimitri ivanowski, a russian botanist in 1892 demonstrated experimentally that sap. Considering that they are both eukaryotic cells, which means they have a true nucleus, that is enclosed and separated from other organelles by a nuclear membrane, is a crucial factor that defines their modes of multiplication. These ultramicroscopic agents are obligate intracellular parasites that lack the most basic structures associated with cellular organisms. Choose from 500 different sets of lecture notes microbiology viruses flashcards on quizlet. Please note that the audiovideo files had become very out of date and they are no longer available.
Viruses are classified on the basis of morphology, chemical composition, and mode of replication. Viral identification visualization electron microscope. The rna tumor viruses called leukoviruses and rouss viruses contain both dna and rna as genetic material. The types of microscope are i light or optical microscope ii phase. Immunology and microbiology pdf using direct links mentioned at the end of this article. Prokaryotic cell biology structures external to the cell membrane lecture 4 handout. Biology 2420 lecture notes virus structure and life cycles page 1 of 5 viruses are unique biological entities exhibiting the ability to infect all types of cells and organisms.
Chemical principles bond types, reactions, organic compounds lecture 2 handout. According to apic text of infections control and epidemiology. Medical microbiology and infection 5th edition pdf using our direct links mentioned at the end of this article. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Microbiology is the study of organisms and agents that are generally too small to be seen clearly by the unaided eye. Viruses can infect any type of cell, ranging from human cells to. Dna replication with an rna intermediate, utilizing reverse transcriptase. Viruses can infect every type of host cell, including those of plants, animals, fungi, protists, bacteria, and archaea. Viruses typically have limited host ranges and infect specific cell types. Viruses comprise a unique group of infectious agents which are characterised by their small size, simple composition and parasitic mode of life.
Undifferentiated tissues many viruses will grow drill the eggs, inoculate near one of membranes death of embryo, or cpe in membranes used to attenuate viruses subphysiological temperature in cell culture lines grown to confluence inoculate with dilutions of viruses and look for cpe. Alright, here you will be able to access the free pdf download of usmle step 1 lecture notes 2020. The larger viruses may be about 300 a in diameters, i. Members of the microbial world are very diverse and include the bacteria, cyanobacteria, rickettsiae, chlamydiae, fungi, unicellular singlecelled algae, protozoa, and viruses. Resistance can occur, due to mutations in either thymidine kinase or viral dna polymerase.
Two types of capsomers are present in the icosahedral capsid. To replicate themselves, viruses usurp functions of the host cells on which they are parasites. Microbiology notes bacteriology, virology, parasitology. Discuss the relationship between viruses and cancer. Microbiologists study bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses, including their interactions with humans, animals, plants, and the environment. Clean utensils and work areas etc in between working raw and cooked product. Virology is the branch of microbiology that deals with the study of viruses and viral diseases, the most controversial microorganism that whether it is living or nonliving, serves as a fine line between the living and nonliving world. Online microbiology notes microbiology notes by sagar aryal. After a time, the cells are degenerated, and viruses are harvested. Morphology and general properties of viruses microbiology module microbiology notes the capsid shows two kinds of symmetry icosahedral cubical and helical. Explain latent viral infections and give an example. Macromolecules carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids lecture 3 handout. Contains either dna or rna surrounded by a protein coat d. While viruses are not a living organisms like bacteria, fungi, and parasites.
The ability of certain viruses to bind with the red blood cells through their superficial glycoproteins and proteins had been utilised to quantitate these viruses and the assay is termed as haemagglutination assay. Basic microbiology, biology, diagnosis, molecular biology, virology haemagglutination assay viral quantitation 4. Constantly be thinking of how microorganisms get from raw to. Each facet is in the shape of an equilateral triangle. Keep raw food totally separated from cooked product. Most viruses will only be able to infect the cells of one or a few species of organism. Learn lecture notes microbiology viruses with free interactive flashcards. Some viruses have membranous envelopes around nucleocapsid fig. Medical microbiology and infection 5th edition pdf free download.
Alright, now in this part of the article, you will be able to access the free pdf download of lecture notes. Adolf mayer described for the first time a disease of tobacco plant. An icosahedron is a polygon with 12 vertices and 20 facets or sides. Taxonomy and identification classification of microorganisms. Like other diseases, viral diseases are classified using icd codes. Microbiology is a specialized area of biology dealing with organisms too small to be seen without sufficient magnification. Whether youre a student, professor, working in the medical field or just curious about microbiology, im sure youll find our articles interesting and informative. Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a singlesemester microbiology course for nonmajors. The viruses that infect humans are currently grouped into 21 families, reflecting only a small part of the.
Binds to dnapolymerase cellular or viral, thus bad side effects. Infectious agents of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes b. Classification of viruses viruses can be classified by following characteristics genetic material dna or rna shape of capsid size of capsid or number of capsomers presenceabsence envelope type of host or cell that it infects type of disease it produces burtons microbiology. It is found in pox viruses, the bacteriophages t 2, t 4, t 6, t 3, t 7 and lamda, herpes viruses. Describe how bacteriophages and animal viruses are cultured.
Viruses possess unique infective properties and thus often cause disease in host organisms. Eukaryote cell difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. When youre studying microbiology, you need to know the key differences between the three domains of life, how scientists name and classify organisms, and how scientists identify microorganisms. Chapter 16 lecture notes 16 chapter 15 lecture notes 15 chapter 17 lecture notes 17 exam 3 essay questions lecture notes exam 3 notes chapter 2021 lecture notes 20,21 exam 12 lecture notes 12. Haemagglutination assay viral quantitation microbiology notes.
Viruses also lack the enzymes required to generate metabolic energy. A virus is made up of a dna or rna genome inside a protein shell called a capsid. This includes bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi, prions, protozoa and algae, collectively known as microbes. You will learn, as you read this book, that despite their minute size, these organisms form the basis for all life on earth. These organisms include viruses, bacteria, algae, fungi, and protozoa. Jun 03, 2017 haemagglutination assay viral quantitation. Classification of viruses is based on morphology, type of nucleic acid, host range, cell specificity, and enzymes carried within the virion. Viruses lecture notes 112 introductory microbiology studocu. Respiratory viruses 28 slides, 401kb diarrhoeal viruses 16 slides, 286kb congenital viral infections 25 slides, 88kb arboviruses 19 slides, 805kb viral zoonoses. Structure and classification of viruses medical microbiology ncbi. See figure 924 in madigan, michael, and john martinko. This is a genuine pdf ebook copy of this book hosted to 3rdparty online repositories so that you can enjoy a blazingfast and safe downloading experience. A thin layer of cells, or monolayer, is then inoculated with viruses, and replication takes place. As infection preventionists, you are going to encounter these organisms during your career.
Differences between bacteria and virus bacteria vs virus. Hippocratus, father of medicine, observed that ill health resulted due. Detailed summary on viruses, completed by fiona henrequz. The french scientist louis pasteur was on the right track when he. Viruses have an inner core of nucleic acid surrounded by protein coat known as an envelope most viruses range in sizes from 20 250 nm viruses are inert nucleoprotein filterable agents viruses are obligate intracellular parasites. A regional or social variety of a language distinguished by pronunciation, grammar, or vocabulary, especially a variety of speech differing from the standard literary language or speech pattern of the culture in which it exists. Viruses range from the structurally simple and small parvoviruses and picornaviruses to the large and complex poxviruses and herpesviruses. The majority of microorganisms contribute to the quality of human life by doing such. Microscopy has come a long way since leeuwenhoek first observed bacteria using handground lenses. Viruses fundamentals of microbiology lecture notes docsity. Viruses are the smallest obligate intracellular parasites that require living host cells in order to multiply and being alive. The viral parasite causes changes in the cell, particularly its antigenicity.
Compare and contrast the lytic and lysogenic cycles of bacteriophages. Rabies, arena, and hantaviruses 27 slides, 933kb virological tests 38 slides, 987kb molecular tests used for the comparison of viruses 11 slides, 114kb. Fungal classification, structure, and replication 66. Respiratory viruses enteroviruses gastrointestinal viruses hepatitis virus flavivirus hemorrhogic fever virus herpes virus retrovirus rabies virus prion human immunodeficiency virus 26 slides, 1.
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